Convert BST to Min Heap

Difficulty Level Hard
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Problem Statement

Given a complete Binary Search Tree, write an algorithm to convert it into a Min Heap, which is to convert BST to Min Heap. The Min Heap should be such that the values on the left of a node must be less than the values on the right of that node.

Example

Input

Convert BST to Min Heap

Output

Convert BST to Min Heap

Level Order : 6 7 13 9 12 18 23

Algorithm to convert BST to Min Heap

A Binary Search Tree contains elements such that its’ in-order traversal gives the elements in sorted form. To convert BST to Min Heap we convert the in-order traversal of the Binary Search Tree in pre-order traversal, that is, we store the in-order traversal of the tree in an array and then replace the nodes in pre-order fashion with the in-order output.

This will ensure that the Binary Search Tree converts to a Min Heap and also the Min Heap satisfies the given property, that is, all the nodes in the left sub-tree of a node is smaller than all the nodes in the right sub-tree of that tree.

1. Traverse the BST in in-order traversal and store the traversal in an array or a list.
2. This time traverse the Binary Search Tree in pre-order form.
3. Replace every node with the corresponding value stored in the array or list.

Time Complexity = O(N)

Since we performed in-order and pre-order traversals of the tree which take only O(N) time.

Space Complexity = O(N)

Here we are storing n elements, thus a linear space complexity space solution/.
where N is the total number of nodes in the complete Binary Search Tree.

Explanation

Consider the tree shown in the above example.

Step 1
Traverse the tree in in-order form and store it in an array.
arr[] = {6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 18, 23}

Step 2 & 3
Traverse the tree in pre-order form and replace every node’s value with the corresponding value stored in the array.

Convert BST to Min Heap

As we can see in the figure, the tree is converted into a Min Heap satisfying the given properties.

Code

Java Code to convert BST to Min Heap

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
class ConvertBSTToMinHeap {
    // class representing node of a binary tree
    static class Node {
        int data;
        Node left, right;
        public Node(int data) {
            this.data = data;
        }
    }
    // function to print level order traversal of binary tree
    private static void levelOrder(Node root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return;
        }
        Queue<Node> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        queue.add(root);
        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
            Node curr = queue.poll();
            System.out.print(curr.data + " ");
            if (curr.left != null)
                queue.add(curr.left);
            if (curr.right != null)
                queue.add(curr.right);
        }
    }
    // function to store the inorder traversal of tree in a list
    private static void storeInOrder(Node root, ArrayList<Integer> inOrder) {
        if (root != null) {
            storeInOrder(root.left, inOrder);
            inOrder.add(root.data);
            storeInOrder(root.right, inOrder);
        }
    }
    // function to replace the inorder traversal with pre-order traversal
    private static void replaceInOrderWithPreOrder(Node root, ArrayList<Integer> inOrder) {
        if (root != null) {
            root.data = inOrder.get(0);
            inOrder.remove(0);
            replaceInOrderWithPreOrder(root.left, inOrder);
            replaceInOrderWithPreOrder(root.right, inOrder);
        }
    }
    private static void convertToMinHeap(Node root) {
        ArrayList<Integer> inOrderTraversal = new ArrayList<>();
        // store the in order traversal of the tree in a list
        storeInOrder(root, inOrderTraversal);
        // replace the pre order traversal with in order traversal
        replaceInOrderWithPreOrder(root, inOrderTraversal);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Example Tree
        Node root = new Node(12);
        root.left = new Node(7);
        root.right = new Node(18);
        root.left.left = new Node(6);
        root.left.right = new Node(9);
        root.right.left = new Node(13);
        root.right.right = new Node(23);
        convertToMinHeap(root);
        levelOrder(root);
        System.out.println();
    }
}
6 7 13 9 12 18 23

C++ Code to convert BST to Min Heap

#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 

// class representing node of a binary tree 
class Node { 
    public: 
    int data; 
    Node *left; 
    Node *right; 
    
    Node(int d) { 
        data = d; 
        left = right = NULL; 
    } 
};

// function to print level order traversal of binary tree
void levelOrder(Node *root) {
    if (root == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    
    queue<Node*> q;
    q.push(root);
    
    while (!q.empty()) {
        Node *curr = q.front();
        q.pop();
        
        cout<<curr->data<<" ";
        
        if (curr->left != NULL)
            q.push(curr->left);
        if (curr->right != NULL) 
            q.push(curr->right);
    }
}


// function to store the inorder traversal of tree in a list
void storeInOrder(Node *root, vector<int> &inOrderTraversal) {
    if (root != NULL) {
        storeInOrder(root->left, inOrderTraversal);
        inOrderTraversal.push_back(root->data);
        storeInOrder(root->right, inOrderTraversal);
    }
}

// function to replace the inorder traversal with pre-order traversal
void replaceInOrderWithPreOrder(Node *root, vector<int> &inOrderTraversal) {
    if (root != NULL) {
        root->data = inOrderTraversal[0];
        inOrderTraversal.erase(inOrderTraversal.begin());
        replaceInOrderWithPreOrder(root->left, inOrderTraversal);
        replaceInOrderWithPreOrder(root->right, inOrderTraversal);
    }
}

void convertToMinHeap(Node *root) {
    std::vector<int> inOrderTraversal;
    
    // store the in order traversal of the tree in a list
    storeInOrder(root, inOrderTraversal);
    
    // replace the pre order traversal with in order traversal
    replaceInOrderWithPreOrder(root, inOrderTraversal);
}

int main() {
    // Example Tree
    Node *root = new Node(12);
    root->left = new Node(7);
    root->right = new Node(18);
    root->left->left = new Node(6);
    root->left->right = new Node(9);
    root->right->left = new Node(13);
    root->right->right = new Node(23);

    convertToMinHeap(root);
    levelOrder(root);
    cout<<endl;
    
    return 0;
}
6 7 13 9 12 18 23
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