BlockingDeque in Java


BlockingDeque Java MultithreadingViews 1080

This tutorial covers BlockingDeque in Java, its implementation classes, methods, and example of using BlockingDeque.

Java BlockingDeque

BlockingDeque is an interface in Java that is part of the Collections framework and present in the java.util.concurrent package. It blocks the insertion operation when the deque is full and blocks removal operation when it is empty. Since it is a Deque, it supports the insertion and removal of elements from both ends.

BlockingDeque example

Hierarchy

BlockingDeque in Java

Implementation class of BlockingDeque

The class that implements the Java BlockingDeque interface is the LinkedBlockingDeque class. It internally has a LinkedList data structure representation. It may be bounded if we specify the capacity in the constructor else it points to Integer.MAX_VALUE. 

BlockingDeque bq = new LinkedBlockingDeque();

Methods in Java BlockingDeque

Below are the methods of the BlockingDeque interface. It also imports the methods present in the Deque and Collections interface.

MethodDescriptionParameter
Boolean add(Element e)Adds the specified element to the end of the deque.e - the element to be added.
Return value - True
Boolean addAll(Collection c)Adds a collection of specified elements to the deque.c - collection of elements to be added
Return value - true
void addFirst(Element e)Inserts an element at the beginning of the dequee - the element to be inserted
void addLast(Element e)Inserts an element at the end of the dequee - the element to be inserted
Boolean contains(Object o)Checks if the deque contains the specified elementReturn value - true if the deque contains the element
int drainTo(Collection c)Removes the elements from the deque and adds it to the specified collection
Object element()Returns the first element(head) in the deque
Object getFirst()Returns the first element(head) in the deque
Object getLast()Returns the last element(tail) in the deque
Iterator iterator()Retrieves the iterator of deque in sequenceReturn value - Iterator
Boolean offer(Object e)Inserts the element as the taile - element to be added
Boolean offerFirst(Object e)Inserts the element at the front of the dequee - element to be added
Boolean offerLast(Object e)Inserts the element at the end of the dequee - element to be added
Object peek()Retrieves the first element of the deque(head)Returns null if the deque is empty
Object peekFirst()Retrieves the first element of the deque(head)Returns null if the deque is empty
Object peekLast()Retrieves the last element of the deque(tail)Returns null if the deque is empty
Object poll()Retrieves and removes the first element of the deque(head)Returns null if the deque is empty
Object pollFirst()Retrieves and removes the first element of the deque(head)Returns null if the deque is empty
Object pollLast()Retrieves and removes the last element of the deque(tail)Returns null if the deque is empty
Object pop()Retrieves or removes the first element from the stack of the deque
void push(Object e)Inserts the element to the front of the dequee - the element to be added
void put(Object e)Inserts the specified element into the dequee - element to be inserted
void putFirst(Object e)Inserts the specified element at the beginning of the dequee - element to be inserted
void putLast(Object e)Inserts the specified element at the end of the dequee - element to be inserted
Object remove()Removes the first element from the deque
Boolean remove(Object o)Removes the first occurrence of the specified object from the deque if presento - The element that needs to be removed
Return value - true if deque contains the element
Object removeFirst()Removes the first element of the deque
Boolean removeFirstOccurence(Object e)Removes the first occurrence of the element specified in the dequee - the element to be removed
Object removeLast()Removes the last element from the deque
Boolean removeLastOccurence(Object e)Removes the last occurrence of the specified element from the dequee - the element to be removed
int size()Fetches the size of the dequeReturn value - size of the deque
Element take()Retrieves and removes the head element from the dequeReturn value - the head element that is removed from the deque
Element takeFirst()Retrieves and removes the first element from the dequeReturn value - the first element that is removed from the deque
Element takeLast()Removes the last element from the dequeReturn value - the last element present in the deque

Java BlockingDeque Example

Now let us see various examples of the BlockingDeque methods in the below section.

Example: Insert elements

The below example shows how to insert elements using the various methods in the BlockingDeque in Java. The addFirst(), offerFirst(), putFirst() and push() inserts the elements at the beginning of the deque.

import java.util.concurrent.BlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;

public class BlockingDequeDemo {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    BlockingDeque<String> bq = new LinkedBlockingDeque<String>();
    System.out.println("Inserting elements...");
    bq.add("Apple");
    bq.add("Banana");
    bq.addFirst("Watermelon");
    bq.addLast("Pineapple");
    System.out.println("Elements inserted using add operations: " + bq);
    
    bq.offer("Lemon");
    bq.offerFirst("Orange");
    bq.offerLast("Sapota");
    System.out.println("Elements inserted using offer operations: " + bq);
    
    bq.push("Grapes");
    System.out.println("Element inserted using push operation: " + bq);
    
    bq.put("Mosambi");
    bq.putFirst("Guava");
    bq.putLast("Papaya");
    System.out.println("Elements inserted using put operations: " + bq);
  }

}
Inserting elements...
Elements inserted using add operations: [Watermelon, Apple, Banana, Pineapple]
Elements inserted using offer operations: [Orange, Watermelon, Apple, Banana, Pineapple, Lemon, Sapota]
Element inserted using push operation: [Grapes, Orange, Watermelon, Apple, Banana, Pineapple, Lemon, Sapota]
Elements inserted using put operations: [Guava, Grapes, Orange, Watermelon, Apple, Banana, Pineapple, Lemon, Sapota, Mosambi, Papaya]

Example: Remove elements

The below example shows how to remove elements from the BlockingDeque using various methods. The remove(), removeFirst(), pollFirst() and takeFirst() methods retrieve and remove the first head element from the queue. The removeLast(), pollLast(), takeLast() methods retrieve and remove the last element from the queue.

import java.util.concurrent.BlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;

public class BlockingDequeDemo {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    BlockingDeque<String> bq = new LinkedBlockingDeque<String>();
    System.out.println("Inserting elements...");
    bq.add("Apple");
    bq.add("Banana");
    bq.addFirst("Watermelon");
    bq.addLast("Pineapple");
    System.out.println("Elements inserted using add operations: " + bq);
    
    bq.offer("Lemon");
    bq.offerFirst("Orange");
    bq.offerLast("Sapota");
    System.out.println("Elements inserted using offer operations: " + bq);
    
    bq.push("Grapes");
    System.out.println("Element inserted using push operation: " + bq);
    
    bq.put("Mosambi");
    bq.putFirst("Guava");
    bq.putLast("Papaya");
    System.out.println("Elements inserted using put operations: " + bq);
    
    System.out.println("\n Removing elements...");
    bq.remove();
    bq.remove("Lemon");
    bq.removeFirst();
    bq.removeLast();
    System.out.println("Elements after remove operations: " + bq);
    
    System.out.println("Poll element: " + bq.poll());
    System.out.println("PollFirst element: " + bq.pollFirst());
    System.out.println("PollLast element: " + bq.pollLast());
    System.out.println("Elements after poll operations: " + bq);
    
    System.out.println("Pop element: " + bq.pop());
    System.out.println("Take element: " + bq.take());
    System.out.println("TakeFirst element: " + bq.takeFirst());
    System.out.println("TakeLast element: " + bq.takeLast());
    System.out.println("Elements after take operations: " + bq);
    
  }

}
Inserting elements...
Elements inserted using add operations: [Watermelon, Apple, Banana, Pineapple]
Elements inserted using offer operations: [Orange, Watermelon, Apple, Banana, Pineapple, Lemon, Sapota]
Element inserted using push operation: [Grapes, Orange, Watermelon, Apple, Banana, Pineapple, Lemon, Sapota]
Elements inserted using put operations: [Guava, Grapes, Orange, Watermelon, Apple, Banana, Pineapple, Lemon, Sapota, Mosambi, Papaya]

 Removing elements...
Elements after remove operations: [Orange, Watermelon, Apple, Banana, Pineapple, Sapota, Mosambi]
Poll element: Orange
PollFirst element: Watermelon
PollLast element: Mosambi
Elements after poll operations: [Apple, Banana, Pineapple, Sapota]
Pop element: Apple
Take element: Banana
TakeFirst element: Pineapple
TakeLast element: Sapota
Elements after take operations: []

Example: Access elements

The below example shows how to access the head and tail elements of the BlockingDeque using various methods. The element(), peekFirst() and getFirst() methods retrieve the head element. The peekLast() and getLast() methods retrieve the tail element.

import java.util.concurrent.BlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;

public class BlockingDequeDemo {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    BlockingDeque<String> bq = new LinkedBlockingDeque<String>();
    System.out.println("Inserting elements...");
    bq.add("Apple");
    bq.add("Banana");
    bq.addFirst("Watermelon");
    bq.addLast("Pineapple");
    System.out.println("Elements inserted using add operations: " + bq);
    
    bq.offer("Lemon");
    bq.offerFirst("Orange");
    bq.offerLast("Sapota");
    System.out.println("Elements inserted using offer operations: " + bq);
    
    bq.push("Grapes");
    System.out.println("Element inserted using push operation: " + bq);
    
    bq.put("Mosambi");
    bq.putFirst("Guava");
    bq.putLast("Papaya");
    System.out.println("Elements inserted using put operations: " + bq);
    
    System.out.println("Element result: " + bq.element());
    System.out.println("getFirst element: " + bq.getFirst());
    System.out.println("getLast element: " + bq.getLast());
    System.out.println("Peek element: " + bq.peek());
    System.out.println("PeekFirst element: " + bq.peekFirst());
    System.out.println("PeekLast element: " + bq.peekLast());
    
  }

}
Inserting elements...
Elements inserted using add operations: [Watermelon, Apple, Banana, Pineapple]
Elements inserted using offer operations: [Orange, Watermelon, Apple, Banana, Pineapple, Lemon, Sapota]
Element inserted using push operation: [Grapes, Orange, Watermelon, Apple, Banana, Pineapple, Lemon, Sapota]
Elements inserted using put operations: [Guava, Grapes, Orange, Watermelon, Apple, Banana, Pineapple, Lemon, Sapota, Mosambi, Papaya]
Element result: Guava
getFirst element: Guava
getLast element: Papaya
Peek element: Guava
PeekFirst element: Guava
PeekLast element: Papaya

Example: Iterate elements

Using the iterator() method, we can traverse through every element in the BlockingDeque. For this we need to create an instance of the Iterator and then using the next() method within a while loop, we can retrieve every element.

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;

public class BlockingDequeDemo {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    BlockingDeque<String> bq = new LinkedBlockingDeque<String>();

    bq.add("Apple");
    bq.add("Banana");
    bq.addFirst("Watermelon");
    bq.addLast("Pineapple");
    
    bq.offer("Lemon");
    bq.offerFirst("Orange");
    bq.offerLast("Sapota");
    
    bq.push("Grapes");
    
    bq.put("Mosambi");
    bq.putFirst("Guava");
    bq.putLast("Papaya");
    
            	System.out.println("Iterating elements...");
    Iterator<String> it = bq.iterator();
    while(it.hasNext())
      System.out.print(it.next() + " ");
    
    
  }

}
Iterating elements...
Guava Grapes Orange Watermelon Apple Banana Pineapple Lemon Sapota Mosambi Papaya

 

Reference

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